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血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,VD)作为一种老年期痴呆,是由脑血管因素引起的脑功能障碍而产生的获得性智能损害综合症,主要与缺血性脑血管病相关。其发生发展与炎症、氧化应激、血管功能紊乱、神经病变有很大的关系。神经血管单元(neurovascular unit,NVU)是由血管内皮、神经元、胶质细胞、基膜以及细胞外基质组成的复合体,它们之间密切相关并且共同维持脑组织微环境的稳定性。VD的发生发展与NVU有着密不可分的联系。薯蓣皂苷元(Diosgenin)是一种重要的天然甾体皂苷元成分,广泛存在于薯蓣科、百合科等多种植物中,具有广泛的药理活性。文章基于现有的文献报道,从神经血管保护及抗炎、抗氧化应激等方面综述了薯蓣皂苷元的药理作用,并对其抗血管性痴呆的可能机制进行分析。
Vascular dementia (VD), as a kind of senile dementia, is an acquired intelligence impairment syndrome caused by brain dysfunction caused by cerebrovascular disease, which is mainly associated with ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Its occurrence and development and inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular dysfunction, neuropathy have a great relationship. Neurovascular unit (NVU) is a complex composed of vascular endothelial cells, neurons, glial cells, basement membrane and extracellular matrix, which are closely related to each other and jointly maintain the stability of brain tissue microenvironment. The development of VD and NVU are inextricably linked. Diosgenin, an important natural steroidal sapogenin, is widely found in many plants, such as Dioscoreaceae and Liliaceae, and has a wide range of pharmacological activities. Based on the existing reports in the literature, the pharmacological effects of diosgenin were summarized from the aspects of neurovascular protection, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress, and the possible mechanism of anti-vascular dementia was analyzed.