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下丘脑是大脑皮质下自主神经系统的调控中枢，对于维持内脏活动、内分泌与情绪行为之间的平衡起着非常重要的控制和中介作用。一氧化氮（NitricOxide，NO）作为一种全新的神经信息物质，在神经系统担负着重要的信号传递任务，对下丘脑内递质与激素的释放具有刺激或抑制性中介作用。猫作为重要的实验动物，其下丘脑内NOS阳性神经元的分布还未见报导。本文应用NADPH－d组织化学方法显示猫和大鼠下丘脑中NOS阳性神经元的分布情况，以补充这方面资料的不足，并探讨NOS阳性神经元在不同种属间的分布差异。采用成年雄性家猫和SD大鼠各五只，灌注固定。恒冷箱切片，切片在含0．3％TritonX一100’0·6mg／ml硝基四唑氮篮（Nitrobluetetrazoll－um，NeT，Slgma），0．sing／mlβ—NADPH（Sigma，还原型）的0.05M／LTris—HCI缓冲液（PH0）中，37℃，孵有二小时，中止反应，并裱片、封片。观察见到，猫和大鼠下丘脑室旁核有密集深染的大型NOS阳性胞体；背内侧核、腹内侧核、结书内侧核、下丘脑外侧区、下丘脑后区、室周区、弯窿周核等处有中等染色的中、小型阳性细胞。二者明显不同的是，猫视交叉上核内分布有深染的中小阳性细胞，而大鼠视交叉上核内NOS细胞阴性。大鼠视上核和环状核内有明显的大中型阳性细胞，而
Hypothalamus is the central nervous system of the autonomic nervous system of the cortex, for maintaining visceral activity, the balance between endocrine and emotional behavior plays a very important control and intermediary role. Nitric Oxide (NO), as a new neuroinformational substance, plays an important signaling role in the nervous system and plays a stimulatory or inhibitory mediating role in the release of neurotransmitters and hormones in the hypothalamus. As an important experimental animal, the distribution of NOS positive neurons in the hypothalamus has not been reported yet. In this paper, NADPH-d histochemical method was used to show the distribution of NOS positive neurons in the hypothalamus of cats and rats to supplement the lack of information in this regard, and to explore the NOS positive neurons in different species distribution. Five adult male domestic cats and SD rats were used for perfusion fixation. Aliquots were cut and sectioned in Nitrobluetetrazoll-um (NeT, Slgma) containing 0.3% Triton X-100’0.6 mg / ml. The reaction was stopped for two hours at 37 ° C in 0.05 M / L Tris-HCI buffer (Sigma, reduced form) containing 1 ng / ml β-NADPH (Sigma). Observed that cats and rats with hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus densely dyed large NOS positive cell bodies; dorsomedial nucleus, ventral medial nucleus, the junction of the medial nucleus, lateral hypothalamic area, the posterior hypothalamic area, ventricular zone, Bent week weeks nucleus and other medium-dyed in small and medium-sized positive cells. Significantly different between the two is that there are deep-stained small and medium positive cells distributed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of cats, while NOS cells in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of rats are negative. There are obvious large and medium positive cells in the supraoptic and nucleus of the rat