从主体的角度来看,对于制度的研究可以归结为三个层次,一是个体与制度的关系,这是关于制度的微观分析;二是集体行动与制度的关系,这是制度的中观层次的分析;三是国家与制度的关系,这是关于制度的宏观层次的分析。在国家理论上,新制度经济学的主要贡献是把国家作为影响经济绩效 From the main point of view, the research on the system can be attributed to three levels, one is the relationship between the individual and the system, which is the micro-analysis of the system; the second is the relationship between the collective action and the system, which is the middle level of the system ; Third is the relationship between the state and the system, which is an analysis of the macro level of the system. In the theory of the state, the main contribution of the new institutional economics is to regard the state as a measure that affects economic performance