目的:分析贵州省苗族小学3～6年级儿童主观生活质量现状以及相关影响因素,以促进贵州省苗族儿童身心健康发展。方法:在贵州省苗族聚居县采用《儿少主观生活质量问卷》以分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取3～6年级苗族小学生510名作为研究对象。了解苗族儿童主观生活质量并对相关影响因素进行回归分析。结果:苗族儿童主观生活质量满意度较低。总体满意度均分为(44.59±12.64)分,为不太满意水平,显著低于全国常模的一般满意度水平,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。苗族儿童认知成分分数为(49.84±12.06),高于情感成分分数(42.28±10.09),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各维度满意度以抑郁体验分数最低,家庭生活分数最高,分数从低到高排列依次为抑郁体验、躯体情感、焦虑体验、学校生活、同伴交往、生活环境、自我认识、家庭生活。男童认知成分、情感成分和总体满意度评分均低于女童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单亲家庭儿童情感评分、总体主观生活质量满意度显著低于其他家庭儿童(P<0.05);父母是文盲的儿童认知成分评分、总体主观生活质量满意度低于父母是初中以上文化程度儿童的评分(P<0.05);学习成绩差的儿童情感成分和总体满意度低于成绩好的儿童(P<0.05);父母不关心的儿童认知成分、情感成分和总体满意度评分均低于父母关心的儿童(P<0.05)。不同年级儿童主观生活质量满意度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。回归分析发现父母对儿童的关心、儿童健康状况及儿童学习成绩对主观生活质量有显著影响(P<0.05)。结论:苗族儿童主观生活质量满意度均较低,以情感成分满意度最低。男童主观生活质量满意度低于女童。儿童学习成绩越好,父母越关心儿童学习、儿童自身的健康状况越好,则主观生活满意度越高。家庭经济水平、家庭类型、父母文化程度、儿童所在年级、是否为独生子女及家庭成员关系并不明显影响儿童主观生活质量。 Objective: To analyze the current situation of subjective quality of life of children in grade 3 ~ 6 of Miao nationality elementary school in guizhou province and the related influential factors so as to promote the physical and mental health development of miao nationality children in guizhou province. Methods: A total of 510 Miao students from 3 to 6 years were selected as the study subjects by using stratified cluster random sampling in “Miao and Subjective Quality of Life Questionnaire” in Miju County of Guizhou Province. Understand the subjective quality of life of Miao children and regression analysis of related factors. Results: The satisfaction of subjective quality of life of Miao children was low. The overall satisfaction was divided into (44.59 ± 12.64) points, which were less than satisfactory level and significantly lower than the general satisfaction level of the national norm. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The score of cognitive component of Miao children was (49.84 ± 12.06), which was higher than the score of emotional component (42.28 ± 10.09), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Satisfaction degree of each dimension with the lowest score of depression experience, the highest score of family life, scores from low to high ranked depression, body feeling, anxiety, school life, peer interaction, living environment, self-awareness, family life. The boys’ cognitive component, emotional component and overall satisfaction score were lower than those of the girls, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The satisfaction scores of children with single-parent family were significantly lower than those of other family children (P <0.05). The score of cognitive component of children who were illiterate was significantly lower than those of children whose parents were junior high school or above (P <0.05). The emotional component and overall satisfaction of children with poor academic performance were lower than those of good grades (P <0.05). The scores of cognitive component, emotional component and overall satisfaction of children who did not care were lower than those of parents Concerned children (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the satisfaction of subjective quality of life between different grades of children (P> 0.05). Regression analysis found that parental care of children, children’s health and children’s academic performance had significant effects on subjective quality of life (P <0.05). Conclusion: The satisfaction of subjective quality of life of Miao children is low, with the lowest level of satisfaction with emotion. Satisfaction with the subjective quality of life of boys is lower than that of girls. The better the children’s academic performance, the more parents care about children’s learning, children’s own health status is better, the higher the satisfaction of the subjective life. The level of family economy, family type, educational level of parents and children’s grade, whether or not one-child and family members have no significant effect on children’s subjective quality of life.