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【目的】探讨高硼植烟土壤对烟株生长发育的影响及钾肥对烤烟高硼毒害的缓解效果,为开展高硼植烟土壤生产优质烟叶提供科学施肥依据。【方法】以烤烟品种K326为材料,通过大田试验,比较适宜硼植烟土壤(不施钾肥)及高硼植烟土壤不同施钾量(不施钾肥及分别施钾112.5、330.0和420.0 kg/ha)对烤烟生长发育、生理特性及经济效益的影响。【结果】在不施钾肥的情况下,与适宜硼植烟土壤相比,高硼植烟土壤抑制烤烟的生理代谢及生长发育,烟株主要农艺性状指标、净光合速率、SPAD值、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及干物质量均显著降低(P<0.05,下同),主要病害病情指数及烟株丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高,经济效益显著下降,呈现明显的硼毒害现象。在高硼植烟土壤条件下,与不施钾肥处理相比,各施钾处理的大多数农艺性状指标、净光合速率、SPAD值、POD活性及干物质量显著增加,MDA含量显著降低,硼毒害作用逐渐减轻,经济效益逐渐提高。其中以施钾420.0 kg/ha的经济效益最高,较高硼不施钾处理产量增加20.61%,产值增加57.50%,中上等烟比例提高21.10%(绝对值),均价提高7.17元/kg。【结论】高硼植烟土壤会抑制烟株的生理代谢及生长发育,增施钾肥可缓解烤烟受到的硼毒害,进而提高经济效益。其中以增施420.0 kg/ha钾肥的效果较佳。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of high boron fertilizers on the growth and development of tobacco plants and the mitigating effect of potassium fertilizer on the high boron toxicity of flue-cured tobacco so as to provide a scientific basis for fertilizing high boron fertilizers in soils. 【Method】 With the K326 as the material, field experiments were conducted to compare the effects of different K fertilizers (potassium fertilization and potassium application rates of 112.5, 330.0 and 420.0 kg / ha) on the growth and development, physiological characteristics and economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco. 【Result】 Compared with the suitable soil with boron, the soil with high boron inhibited the physiological metabolism and growth of tobacco, the main agronomic traits, net photosynthetic rate, SPAD value, peroxidation (P <0.05, the same below), the disease index of major diseases and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of tobacco plants increased significantly, the economic benefits decreased significantly, showing obvious boron poisoning phenomenon . Under high boron and tobacco planting conditions, most agronomic traits, net photosynthetic rate, SPAD value, POD activity and dry matter content were significantly increased, MDA content was significantly decreased, boron toxicity The role of gradually reduced, economic efficiency gradually increased. Among them, the economic benefit was the highest when potassium was applied at 420.0 kg / ha. The yield increased by 20.61%, the output value increased by 57.50% and the proportion of middle and high grade smoke increased by 21.10% (absolute value), with the average price increased by 7.17 yuan / kg . 【Conclusion】 The soil with high boron and tobacco will inhibit the physiological metabolism and growth of tobacco plants. Adding potassium could relieve the boron toxicity of tobacco and increase the economic benefits. Among them, the effect of adding potassium at 420.0 kg / ha was better.