血管周围间隙由软脑膜围绕血管走形形成，参与脑内液体交换和废物清除。血管周围间隙扩大提示大脑清除机制障碍，与多种临床疾病的发生和发展关系密切。近年来关于血管周围间隙扩大发病机制及影响因素的研究颇多，文章对其解剖学、神经影像学、发生机制及危险因素进行了综述。“,”The perivascular space is formed by the pia mater around the blood vessels and participates in the fluid exchange and waste clearance in the brain. The enlarged perivascular space (EPVS) indicates the disorder of brain clearance mechanism, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of a variety of clinical diseases. In recent years, there are a lot of studies on the pathogenesis and influencing factors of EPVS. This article reviews its anatomy, neuroimaging, pathogenesis, and risk factors.