返回舱在返回过程中可能偏离预定地点从而导致回收方式的改变,并且影响航天员和仪器的着陆安全。分析着水与着陆冲击响应特点及影响因素,研究两者之间的兼容性对于乘员保护具有重要意义。基于有限元模拟计算结果,利用试验设计方法对着陆冲击影响因素进行显著性分析。同时,结合着水冲击影响因素,在不同条件下分析着水与着陆工况冲击兼容性,结果表明:在相同冲击工况下(垂直速度与水平速度分别相等),着陆冲击所产生的加速度值较大,着水冲击更有利于乘员保护;在等效回收工况下,着水与着陆冲击曲面存在交叉;在相同的冲击伤害风险下,着水冲击满足风险要求的工况组合可能性更多。此外还得到着水与着陆冲击不同工况下的约束曲线图。 The return capsule may deviate from its intended location during the return process, leading to changes in the mode of recovery and impacting the astronaut and instrument landing safety. Analysis of the impact characteristics of water and landing impact and influencing factors, to study the compatibility between the two is of great significance for occupant protection. Based on the results of finite element simulation, the influencing factors of landing impact were analyzed using the experimental design method. In the meantime, the impact compatibility between water and landing conditions is analyzed under different conditions. The results show that the acceleration caused by landing impact under the same impact condition (equal vertical velocity and horizontal velocity respectively) Larger, the impact of water is more conducive to occupant protection; In the equivalent recovery conditions, the impact of water and landing impact surface cross exists; the same impact damage risk, water impact to meet the risk requirements of the combination of conditions is more many. In addition, we get the constraint curve of water and landing impact under different conditions.