近300年来,随着西欧国家和美国资本主义生产关系的确立,人类社会由传统农业型社会向现代工业型社会转变,生产力得到了空前的发展,引发了人类文明的巨大进步。工业革命不仅是一次技术革命,更是一场深刻的社会与制度变革。历史表明,科学技术推动了人类历史的发展与进步,但受制度决定的人的行为是高于技术的更重要的内生变量。产权明晰下的市场经济是现代工业革命的制度基础。 In the past 300 years, with the establishment of the capitalist relations of production in Western Europe and the United States, the transformation of the human society from a traditional agrarian society to a modern industrial society led to an unprecedented development of productive forces that led to tremendous progress in human civilization. The industrial revolution is not only a technological revolution but also a profound social and institutional change. History shows that science and technology have promoted the development and progress of human history. However, people’s behavior, which is governed by the system, is a more important endogenous variable than technology. The market economy under clear property rights is the institutional foundation of the modern industrial revolution.