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一、生物技术的涵义生物技术(Biotechnology)又称生物工程或生物工艺学,这是近年来崛起的一门新兴学科。其涵义有各种各样提法。 1983年日野稔彦提出,生物技术指直接或模拟利用生物活体及其功能进行物质生产的生物技术体系,包括基因工程(DNA重组),细胞工程(杂交瘤技术,植物细胞培养和触合)、酶工程(生化工程)和发酵工程(微生物工程)等。其中基因工程又称遗传工程,这是生物技术的核心。从五十年代初期的生物革命开始,遗传工程大致经过了三十年的发展过程,可划分为如下四个时期:(1)1953～1966年,生物学的革命时期。DNA双螺旋结构和中心法则的发现,遗传密码的确立。(2)1967～1973年,生物操作黎明时期。DNA连接酶和限制性内切酶的分离成功,明确以质粒为载体,可将外源DNA片段扦入大肠
First, the meaning of biotechnology Biotechnology (Biotechnology), also known as bio-engineering or biotechnology, which is emerging in recent years, a new discipline. Its meaning has a variety of references. In 1983, Hiroyuki Hino suggested that biotechnology refers to biotechnological systems that directly or simulate the production of materials using living organisms and their functions, including genetic engineering (DNA recombination), cell engineering (hybridoma technology, plant cell culture and contact), enzyme Engineering (biochemical engineering) and fermentation engineering (microbial engineering) and so on. Which genetic engineering, also known as genetic engineering, which is the core of biotechnology. From the beginning of the biological revolution in the early 1950s, genetic engineering generally went through 30 years of development and can be divided into four periods as follows: (1) 1953-1966, period of biological revolution. DNA double helix structure and the discovery of the central rule, the establishment of genetic code. (2) From 1967 to 1973, biological operation at dawn. DNA ligase and restriction endonucleases were successfully separated, and the plasmid was used as a vector to cut the exogenous DNA into the large intestine