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目的探讨小学生、中学生及大学生人群的呼吸暴露参数。方法于2012年4月对南京市小、中、大学生人群共874人进行时间-活动模式的问卷调查,采用呼吸速率的能量估算法,得到3种学生人群的呼吸速率参数,并进行比较分析。结果中学生、大学生学习日的室内活动时间长于休息日,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而小学生的学习日和休息日室内活动时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);中学生日均室内活动时间长于大学生、小学生,中学男生日均室内活动时间长于女生,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而大学生、小学生的不同性别室内活动时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。除了大学女生比中学女生低外,其他学生人群在同一活动强度下的短期暴露呼吸速率均随着年龄的升高而增加;随着年龄的增加,不同性别间呼吸速率差异增大,男生高于同龄女生。用于重体力活动、极重体力活动的时间随着年龄的升高而减少;除了大学女生低于中学外,其余人群长期暴露呼吸速率基本随年龄的升高而增加;男生的长期暴露呼吸速率均高于同龄女生,且差距随年龄升高而逐渐加大。结论本次调查结果与全国调查数据和美国公布参数有一定差异,可为该区域学生环境健康风险评估提供更加准确的参考数据。
Objective To explore the respiratory exposure parameters of pupils, middle school students and college students. Methods In April 2012, a total of 874 people from small, middle and large university students in Nanjing were surveyed by time-activity model. The respiration rate energy estimation method was used to get the respiration rate parameters of three kinds of students, and the comparative analysis was made. Results There was no significant difference between the pupils’ learning days and rest days in indoor activities (P> 0.05). The average daily activities of middle school students and college students in studying days were longer than that of rest days (P <0.05) The activities of indoor activities were longer than those of college students, primary school students and middle school boys, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the time of indoor activities between college students and primary school students (P> 0.05) . Except for college girls who were lower than girls in middle school, the short-term exposure respiration rate of other student groups increased with increasing age. With the increase of age, the differences of respiratory rate among different sexes were higher than boys Girls of the same age. Excessive physical activity, heavy physical activity decreased with age; except for college girls than secondary school, the remaining population long-term exposure to respiratory rate increased with age; male long-term exposure to respiratory rate Higher than girls of the same age, and the gap gradually increased with age. Conclusion The survey results are different from the national survey data and published parameters in the United States, which can provide more accurate reference data for environmental health risk assessment of students in this area.