一、归纳思想观点的思维模式普通高中历史教材中的中国近代史部分涉及许多近代人物的思想及主张,如林则徐、魏源的新思想;洋务派“师夷长技以自强”的主张;康、梁的维新思想和民主革命思想等。有些思想主张教材上有明确的表述,有些派别的思想主张,教材上并无明确的表述,如维新思想等,这就要求教师引导学生按照一定的思维模式来归纳概括。这种模式为“派别+手段+目的”。按这种模 I. The mode of thinking that summarizes the ideological perspectives The Chinese modern history in the history textbooks of senior high schools involves in part the thoughts and ideas of many modern figures, such as the new ideas of Lin Zexu and Wei Yuan, and the assertion of the Westernization School that “Students have the skills to strengthen themselves”; Liang’s reforms and democratic revolutionary ideas. Some ideology advocates that there is a clear statement on the teaching materials. There are ideological claims of some factions, and there is no explicit statement on the teaching materials, such as reforms, which require teachers to guide students to generalize according to a certain mode of thinking. This model is “sect + method + purpose.” According to this model