在法律中,人格不应是人的法律主体地位,当指人负载于人的社会资格、生命、健康、名誉等上的精神存在利益。人享有这些利益的法律技术就是确认人拥有权利,权利指一种旨在独立实现个人利益的由客观法授予的意志力,以这类利益为客体的权利就是人格权。人格权可分为灵肉人格权、情感评价人格权、行动人格权和一般人格权(尊严权)。人格权的客体具有较强的主观评价性和某种客观确定性,人格权既是积极请求权也是消极防御权,且兼具绝对性和相对性。作为基本权利的人格权,可主要由国际人权法、国内的宪法、刑法尤其是民法等制定法,以正面确定和负面保护的方式来设置,还可适度通过判例法来发展。 In law, personality should not be the main body of the law of man, when it comes to the human being’s social qualifications, life, health, reputation and other spirit of interest. The legal technique for people to enjoy these benefits is to affirm that people have rights. Rights refer to the willpower granted by objective law to achieve individual interests independently. The right to object to such interests is the right of personality. Personality rights can be divided into psychic personality, emotional evaluation of personality rights, behavioral personality rights and the general right to personality (dignity). The object of personality right has a strong subjective evaluation and certain objective certainty. Personality right is both a positive right of demand and a negative right of defense, and it has both absoluteness and relativity. The right of personality as a fundamental right may be mainly set by the international human rights law, the domestic constitution, the criminal law and civil law in particular, the way of positive affirmation and negative affirmation, and the right of case law.