药性理论是中药理论的重要组成部分。所谓药性理论,所指范围认识尚不一致,多数则将气味、归经、升降浮沉等作为药性理论的主要内容。本文拟首先对气味理论作一些探讨。气味,或称性味,常称四气五味。《神农本草经》即有“药有酸、咸、甘、苦、辛五味,又有寒、热、温、凉四气”之说。即每个药物有其气和味,以标志其功效和主治。但由于历史条件所限,古今许多书籍对药物性味之记载不尽一致,尤其是对某些药物的味的记载,很不相同。如以当归为例,《纲目》谓其苦,《别录》谓其辛,李杲《用 The drug theory is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine theory. The so-called medicinal theory, the understanding of the indicated range is still inconsistent, and most of them regard the odor, the classics, and the floating and sinking as the main contents of the medicinal theory. This article intends to first discuss some of the odor theory. Odor, or sexual taste, is often called four flavors. “Shen Nong’s Materia Medica” means “the medicine has sour, salty, sweet, bitter, and pungent flavors, and it also has cold, heat, warmth, and coldness.” That is, each drug has its own odor and taste to mark its efficacy and indications. However, because of the limited historical conditions, many books in ancient and modern times are not consistent with the description of drug-like taste, especially the record of the taste of certain drugs. For example, in the case of Angelica, the “Outline” says that it is bitter, “Don’t record” says it’s Xin, and Li Yi "uses