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根据2012–2013年在南沙群岛西南部和北部湾口海域春秋两个航次的调查资料,分析了该海域鱼类种类组成、相对重要性指数和物种多样性等特征。结果表明,两个航次调查共鉴定鱼类504种,隶属于2纲31目129科294属;其中北部湾口海域出现鱼类301种,南沙群岛西南部海域出现鱼类357种。优势种数量较少,多以中小型鱼类为主,且季节间变化较大。春季多样性指数高于秋季,这主要是因为春季出现的大量鱼类为补充群体,而许多种类在秋季有向较深海区移动的趋势;南沙群岛西南部海域多样性指数高于北部湾口海域,这主要是由于南沙群岛西南部海域受水温和洋流的影响较大造成的。更替指数和迁移指数显示,秋季鱼类群落结构稳定性要低于春季,而且两个季节的鱼类群落结构都偏离平衡状态,主要是由鱼类的洄游和不同适温性鱼类的迁入迁出造成的。综合来看,南沙群岛西南部海域鱼类物种多样性和群落结构稳定性均高于北部湾口海域,在努力控制资源可捕量范围的同时,可合理开发南海中南部海域的渔业资源。
Based on the survey data of spring and autumn flights in the southwestern Spratly Island and northern bayou from 2012 to 2013, the characteristics of species composition, relative importance index and species diversity in this area were analyzed. The results showed that 504 species of fish were identified in the two voyage surveys, belonging to 294 genera, 129 families, 2 classes, 31 orders, 301 species of which were found in the northern bayou and 357 species of fish in the southwestern Spratly Island. The number of dominant species is less, mostly small and medium-sized fish, and the seasons vary greatly. The spring diversity index was higher than that in autumn, which was mainly due to the large numbers of fish appearing in spring and the many species moving to the deeper sea in autumn. The diversity index in southwestern Spratly Island was higher than that in northern bayou, This is mainly due to the greater impact of water temperature and ocean currents in the waters of southwestern Spratly Island. The replacement index and migration index showed that the stability of fish community structure in autumn was lower than that in spring, and the fish communities in both seasons deviated from the equilibrium state mainly due to the migration of fish and the migration of different suitable temperature fish Move out caused. Taken together, the diversity of fish species and the stability of community structure in the southwestern part of the Nansha Islands are higher than those in the northern bay mouth. While efforts are being made to control the range of available resources, the fishery resources in the central and southern South China Sea can be rationally developed.