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为揭示牦牛抗逆性及抗病育种积累更多的分子遗传学资料，通过检测 DRB1基因在牦牛和普通牛群体中的变异，分析该基因检测区域遗传参数。以甘南牦牛、青海牦牛、天祝白牦牛、大通牦牛和普通牛为研究对象。应用PCR-SSCP 方法检测 BoLA-DRB1基因第1内含子及第2外显子部分序列多态性。DRB1基因第1内含子区检测到4处 SNPs 及1处插入／缺失突变，第2外显子区检测到17处 SNPs，两区域均表现为高度多态；单倍型连锁分析发现21种 intron 1-exon 2单倍型组型且存在单倍型连锁不平衡现象，A-A 1、A-B 1、B-A 1和 B-B 1单倍型在牦牛和普通牛中频率较高；聚类分析表明，牦牛 DRB1基因第2外显子区碱基序列与普通牛及山羊的同源性最高，系统进化情况与它们亲缘关系远近一致。牦牛和普通牛 BoLA-DRB1基因第1内含子及第2外显子多态性丰富，可作为牦牛和普通牛 BoLA-DRB1的遗传标记。“,”To accumulate more molecular genetics materials for revealing stress resistance and disease resist-ance breeding by testing the sequence variation at DRB1 gene and analyzing genetic parameters in detecting re-gionin in yak and cattle.Gannan yak,Qinghai yak,Tianzhu white yak,Datong yak and Cattle were used in this stud-y.The polymorphism of intron 1 and exon 2 in BoLA-DRB1 gene were analyzed using PCR-single-strand conforma-tional polymorphism.The results showed that 4 SNPs and 1 insertion /deletion mutation were detected in intron 1 , and 17 SNPs were detected in exon 2,and they were highly polymorphism;Between these two regions,twenty-one haplotypes and the linkage disequilibrium phenomenon were found,and haplptypes A-A 1 ,A-B 1 ,B-A 1 and B-B 1 were most common in yak and cattle.The cluster analysis of DRB1 gene exon 2 showed that yak and other 6 species,cat-tle and goat were the highest on homology and the phylogenetic distance consistent with their genetic relationship. DRB1 gene intron 1 and exon 2 have high of sequence polymorphism,it might be used as genetic marker in yak and cattle.