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一在五四时期流行的各色社会主义流派中,无政府主义是影响较大的一种,并“占着优势”①。中国第一代共产主义者在确立对马克思主义的信仰之前,大都受过它的影响。青年恽代英就曾经将无政府主义视为救国救民的真理而进行过“细心的研究”。 1913年恽代英进入中华大学预科,开始接触无政府主义。之后,他一直怀着浓厚的兴趣,研究无政府主义理论。1917年,恽代英在一封信中比较详细地阐明了自己对无政府主义的见解。他认为:“代表富人阶级、贵人阶级之政府”,均应“破坏”和“推翻”,“种种之阶级界限,实为天下事攘之泉源,且为不合自然法则之物”,亦应“破坏之至于净尽”。但是,“谓此等政府,即目前宜破坏、宜推翻之,不可也。”因为“此等阶级界限之存在,亦非全无其存在之必要”,要破坏首先得“从根本上扫灭其存在之原因”,寻求“解决之根本方法”。不然,“即破坏矣,不旋踵而又发生”②。
Of the various socialist schools of various genres prevalent in the May 4th period, anarchism was the more influential and “dominant.” Most of China’s first-generation communists were influenced before establishing their faith in Marxism. Young Dai Yo-Young had “carefully studied” the anarchism that once regarded the truth as the salvation of the nation and the salvation of the nation. In 1913, Dai Ying-ying entered the Foundation of China University, began to contact anarchism. After that, he has been keenly interested in studying the theory of anarchism. In 1917, Yu Daiying elaborated his opinion on anarchism in more detail in a letter. In his opinion, “the government representing the rich class and the noble class” should both “sabotage” and “overthrow” the “bounds of the various classes”, and indeed it is the source of the world’s affairs and is an unnatural law. “ ”Destroy as much as the net.“ However, ”it is not necessary to ruin such governments because they should be destroyed at present, because“ the existence of such class boundaries is not absolutely necessary. ”It is necessary to undermine the principle of“ fundamentally eliminating The reason for its existence ”and seeking the“ fundamental solution ”. Otherwise, “that is, destruction does not hesitate but happen” ②.