天然免疫是机体抵抗病原微生物的第一道防线。细胞通过各种模式识别受体识别病原体相关分子模式,从而激活下游信号通路,激活免疫反应。其中,RIG-Ⅰ样受体(RIG-Ⅰ和MDA5)激发的Ⅰ型干扰素信号通路在抗病毒感染中起着十分重要的作用。TRIM蛋白家族是天然免疫的重要调控元件,已经发现一些TRIM蛋白具有调节NF-κB,一型干扰素信号通路和抗HIV等病毒的功能。研究TRIM家族蛋白对免疫信号的调控功能有助于解释相关疾病的发病机理,并有可能成为疾病治疗的靶点。 Natural immunity is the body’s first line of defense against pathogenic microorganisms. Cells identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns through various pattern recognition receptors, activating downstream signaling pathways and activating immune responses. Among them, type I interferon signaling triggered by RIG-I-like receptors (RIG-I and MDA5) plays an important role in antiviral infection. The TRIM family of proteins is an important regulatory element of innate immunity and several TRIM proteins have been found to regulate the function of NF-κB, type I IFN signaling and viruses such as HIV. Studying the regulatory function of TRIM family proteins on immune signals helps to explain the pathogenesis of related diseases and may be the target of disease treatment.