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复合材料较为复杂的成型工艺导致其构件的制造精度偏低。装配时,偏差会使配合面间产生装配间隙,当间隙超过一定的大小时,需要采取补偿措施,即用垫片填补间隙。基于一种简化装配模型,通过实验和有限元分析方法,研究了液体垫片对复合材料装配结构应变应力的影响。通过比较强迫装配和液体垫片补偿两种情况下施加螺栓预紧力时构件表面的应变,分析了复合材料构件的变形。进行应力分析时,通过提取单元积分点应力分量计算构件的安全裕度,研究液体垫片对复合材料装配结构应力的影响。得出如下结论:强迫装配时,处在装配间隙边缘的区域受间隙影响相对严重,该区域发生较大的弯曲变形,构件中间部分因为局部贴合反而使装配间隙的影响相对较小;液体垫片在改善间隙边缘危险区应变状态的同时,也使构件中间贴合部位的螺栓头挤压区和部分非挤压区的应变增大,但总体而言,液体垫片的引入使应变分布趋于均匀;当装配间隙大于0.7mm后,液体垫片补偿对于构件安全裕度的提升作用呈明显的下降趋势。
The more complex forming process of composite materials leads to lower manufacturing precision of the components. When assembling, the deviation will cause the fitting clearance to be formed between the mating surfaces. When the clearance exceeds a certain size, a compensation measure needs to be taken, that is, the gasket is used to fill the clearance. Based on a simplified assembly model, the effects of liquid gasket on the strain stress of composite structures were studied by means of experiments and finite element analysis. The deformation of the composite member was analyzed by comparing the forced deformation of the surface of the member with the preload force of the bolt under the two conditions of forced assembly and liquid gasket compensation. During the stress analysis, the safety margin of the component is calculated by extracting the stress component of the integral point of the unit, and the influence of the liquid gasket on the stress of the composite assembly structure is studied. The following conclusions are drawn: Forced assembly, the area at the edge of the assembly gap is relatively severely affected by the gap, a large bending deformation occurs in the area, the assembly gap is relatively small in the middle part of the assembly due to the partial fitting; At the same time, the strain of the bolt head extrusion area and part of the non-extrusion area at the intermediate part of the component increases. However, in general, the introduction of the liquid gasket makes the strain distribution approach In the uniform; when the assembly gap is greater than 0.7mm, liquid gasket compensation for the component safety margin to enhance the role of a clear downward trend.