一、案情与问题广东汕头的贵屿是一个偏僻的小镇,离汕头市区有50多公里。这里每年回收处理的电子废弃物都在百万吨以上,被称为全世界最大的垃圾电子拆解基地。20世纪80年代末90年代初,贵屿镇开始涉足旧五金电器的拆解生意,行业规模逐渐扩大,国外的电子废弃物通过深圳、广州和南海等转运点,大规模进入贵屿,根据潮阳区政府的一份不完全统计资料显示,贵屿镇28个村(居)中从事拆解加工的村(居)有20个,从事专业拆解的企业300余家,手工拆解作坊3000多家,其中年拆解量1000吨以上的有40家,2万吨以上的有10家,有的拆解大户高峰期日拆解量高达200吨。贵屿镇党委书记黄銮文透露,贵屿大约有6万人(包括外来务工人员)从事电子拆解,接近贵屿总人口的一半。而每年的电子拆解量是155万吨,工业产值达到8亿元人民币。80%的家庭参与到这个行业并迅速积累财富。贵屿镇区80%的家庭从事电子废弃物拆解行业,十年间,这里成为废弃的高技术产品的炼狱。在贵屿,电子废物来源主要分为国内和国外两大部分。而当前最主要的来源就是来自欧美等发达工业国的进口电子垃圾。为了节省成本,家庭作坊往往采用最直接和最原始的方式进行电子废物的拆解。一台电脑送到这里,金属和塑料外壳被送去重新焚烧、融 First, the merits and problems Guiyu, Shantou, Guangdong is a remote town, more than 50 kilometers away from Shantou urban area. The annual recycling of electronic waste in more than one million tons, known as the world’s largest electronic waste dismantling base. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Guiyu started to disassemble its old hardware and electrical appliances. The scale of the industry gradually expanded. E-waste from abroad passed through the transshipment points such as Shenzhen, Guangzhou and the South China Sea and entered Guiyu on a large scale. An incomplete statistics from the district government show that there are 20 villages (houses) engaged in dismantling and processing in 28 villages (houses) in Guiyu town, more than 300 enterprises engaged in specialized dismantling and more than 3,000 hand-dismantling workshops Among them, 40 are over 1,000 tons of annual dismantling capacity and 10 are over 20,000 tons. Some large-scale dismantling households have a daily dismantling capacity of up to 200 tons. Huang Luowen, party secretary of Guiyu town, revealed that about 60,000 people (including migrant workers) in Guiyu engaged in electronic dismantling, reaching nearly half of Guiyu’s total population. The annual amount of electronic dismantling is 1.55 million tons and the industrial output value reaches 800 million yuan. Eighty percent of households are involved in the industry and rapidly accumulate wealth. Eighty percent of households in Guiyu town are engaged in the e-waste disassembly industry, and for 10 years, it has become a purge of abandoned high-tech products. In Guiyu, the sources of e-waste are mainly divided into two major parts, domestic and foreign. The most important source at present is imported e-waste from the developed industrial countries in Europe and the United States. To save costs, home-based workshops tend to dismantle e-waste in the most direct and original way. A computer sent here, metal and plastic housing was sent to re-incineration