黏膜免疫系统是大部分人类病原体的主要靶标,因而,黏膜区室特异、强烈、先前存在的免疫应答也许能预防感染。但是,关于黏膜部位保护机制的矛盾的观点证明缺乏认识人类黏膜免疫系统的知识。开发黏膜疫苗的另一个主要障碍是,应用于黏膜的抗原诱导的免疫应答通常比较弱。为了产生强烈的免疫应答,需要有潜在的黏膜佐剂和/或投递系统。佐剂通过延长抗原的释放、靶向APCs以及直 The mucosal immune system is the primary target for most human pathogens and as a result, mucosal compartments are specific and intense and preexisting immune responses may prevent infection. However, the paradoxical view of the protective mechanisms of the mucosal area demonstrates the lack of knowledge of the human mucosal immune system. Another major hurdle to developing mucosal vaccines is that antigen-induced immune responses applied to the mucosa are usually weaker. In order to produce a strong immune response, there is a need for a potential mucosal adjuvant and / or delivery system. Adjuvants target APCs as well as Strauch by prolonging the release of antigens