论文部分内容阅读
[摘要]本文通过剖析英语阅读教学中存在的问题,仔细分析英语阅读的考点,让学生充分了解阅读文章题目的设置和文章的题材,进而教会学生破解英语阅读方法的三个关键点,从而提高学生的语篇理解能力、根据上下文进行逻辑推理和判断的能力等。
[关键词]阅读教学;题型分析;抓住关键点;提升阅读质量
如何做好英语阅读,理解英语短文。所有的英语教师都有自己的办法。通常情况下,先看阅读题第一题题目,带着问题看文章,找出第一题答案,继而看第二题题目,找到完成第二题答案,依此完成下面的试题。遇上综合、概括、推理等题,倒回去再看有关的章节。或者,先通读全文,再找答案。但在教学中我们发现依然存在存在以下问题。
一、 存在的问题
学生层面:1.看到短文,逐字翻译。2.遇上生词,卡住不前,云里雾里,不知所云。3.老师说信息题可以找到答案,结果满篇短文找答案,找了半天,没有找到一题与题目答案完全一致的内容。4.看到问这篇文章的大意是什么,或What’s the best title?etc.等问题时,因为没看懂,所以瞎选一题作数。5.看到“Which is true”或“Which is not true ”这类题型时,缺乏耐心找答案。
老师层面:1.拿到题目,不做任何分析,抄上答案。2.给学生讲评,把阅读文章,当故事给学生讲了,或翻译一遍了事,学生是否懂?不得而知,学生是否会做类似题目,不得而知。教会学生阅读是关键。
二、仔细分析题型
如何让学生读懂一篇短文,做题得心应手,让学生了解阅读文章题目的设置和文章的题材很有必要。
根据图表分析阅读理解考查要点:
由上表得知,中考阅读题型大致有四大类,一是辨认事实细节题、二是归纳主旨题、三是推理判断题、四是猜词题等。
三、抓住关键点,破解阅读题型
阅读之前,仔细分析题目,给题型分类,一是细节题、二是推理判断题,三是主旨大意或概括题,教会学生分类并判断这些题型,阅读时逐一攻破。
关键点一:破解四大题型的做法
(一)细节题:
把握文章事实、查找细节。这类题,仔细查找细节,一般可以在原文中找到直接答案。例如:Two children in ragged(破旧的) coats knocked on my door. “Any old papers , Lady? ”
Why did the two children knock on the door?
A. To collect old paper .
B. To get something to drink .
C. To ask the writer for help.
(二)推理判断题 此类题目分以下几种情况
1)根据常识判断:
Tea house have long been seen in China,and are common in the cities along the Yangtze River .Hangzhou and Chengdu are famous for tea house .It is usual to see people drinking tea, chatting or playing mah-jongg(麻将) along the street.
( ) What does the underline word “it” refer to?
A. Hangzhou and Chengdu are famous for tea house .
B. People can be seen drinking tea, chatting or playing mah-jongg(麻将) along the street.
C. Tea house have long been seen in China
D. People don’t need to pay much for drinking tea.
2)依据数字计算推理
Come to Computer World ! No matter how old you are ,you will be interested in it with our help .And you can get a 40% discount (折扣) if you come here before August 1.
Suppose the cost of the course at Computer World is 800 yuan .If you go there on July 30,you only need to pay_____.A.320yuan B.480yuan C.500yuan D.800yuan
(三)猜词题 根据上下文意思进行猜词。
In a factory building,as the workshop floor swings under the terrible shaking,workers run for safety .Some hide under the machines and survive, but others who try to run outside are killed by the falling ceilings. The underline word “survive ”means ________.
A. 遇难 B 幸存 C 恐惧 D. 摇晃 (四)主旨大意题。根据文章的段意,归纳出文章大意。根据文章每一段开头或者结尾句,归纳文章大意。常用提问方式:
a According to(根据) the passage, we know that____
b. The best title (标题) of the passage can be________.
c. The main idea of this passage is______.
d.From the story we can see/ learn / say_____
e.The writer tells us_________.
f. What is this passage about?
关键点二:找到“七选五”的突破点
在江西考卷中,已有多年的“七选五”的做法,这一内容成了学生的老大难问题。如何做好“七选五”,要做好以下几点:
a先浏览七个选项,再阅读短文.b.根据各小段的内容,大致选出选项。c.关键点:找出句意、 段意的对应词,或对应句子、或对应段意。d.根据所选内容,检查全文。
例Do you know how to write a good letter.You will be successful if you follow these five Cs.
Clear. Use short, direct sentences. 1. _____________ .Long and difficult sentences won’t help yourself clearly. Write the letter as if the reader were just there with you .Above all, don’t use an introduction.
Correct.2._________Don’t guess, even for spelling. Use your dictionary. If you need to , check a reference book too. Use them as much as you need to.
Complete. Don’t scatter(使散乱)our points. 3 __________ This is good organization too.
A. Think of the readers’ point of view as you write.
B. Make them easy to understand
C. Include long sentences in your letter
D. Make sure what you say is correct
E. Finish one point completely before going on to the next.
1.答案为C,对应词是Use short, direct sentences. 2.答案是D.对应词是Don’t guess, even for spelling.3.答案是G,对应词句是Don’t scatter(使散乱)our points.
关键点三:及时记录教学心得
1. 详讲与略讲是关键:讲评时,细节题可以不讲或略讲;学生模棱两可的详细讲评。
2. 做好七选五的关键:在中考试题中有一道七选五的题型,学生在做完了前面的题目之后已经很累了,要继续往下看文章会觉得很吃力,七选五同样必须看懂文章才能做得出。
经过教学得出:要做对这道题得读懂每段大意,把每段的中心句找出来,在七个选项中分别找出与每段中心意思相近的的句子,教会学生概括段落大意、或分层意思,根据段层意思,逐一找到匹配句子,就能达到八九不离十的目的。
3. 难句分析是读懂文章的关键。在阅读中,我们还经常遇上难句,学生遇上类似句子,就不知如何是好,每每这时,教会学生进行难句分析,让学生有迎刃而解的感觉,而且感觉越来越有劲。
例如:
a.One thing that they can say at the end of any task is that they have made a real difference to people’s lives.
b.Since 1971,MSF has sent trained doctors all over the world to help people who have suffered from disasters,such as wars and illness.
参考文献
[1] 温爱英《中小学外语教学》从试题的难度看课堂教学——以2011年江西省英语中考卷为例。
[2]学科网 《2010年九年级中考英语复习----阅读理解》
[3]《2012江西中考试题研究》
[关键词]阅读教学;题型分析;抓住关键点;提升阅读质量
如何做好英语阅读,理解英语短文。所有的英语教师都有自己的办法。通常情况下,先看阅读题第一题题目,带着问题看文章,找出第一题答案,继而看第二题题目,找到完成第二题答案,依此完成下面的试题。遇上综合、概括、推理等题,倒回去再看有关的章节。或者,先通读全文,再找答案。但在教学中我们发现依然存在存在以下问题。
一、 存在的问题
学生层面:1.看到短文,逐字翻译。2.遇上生词,卡住不前,云里雾里,不知所云。3.老师说信息题可以找到答案,结果满篇短文找答案,找了半天,没有找到一题与题目答案完全一致的内容。4.看到问这篇文章的大意是什么,或What’s the best title?etc.等问题时,因为没看懂,所以瞎选一题作数。5.看到“Which is true”或“Which is not true ”这类题型时,缺乏耐心找答案。
老师层面:1.拿到题目,不做任何分析,抄上答案。2.给学生讲评,把阅读文章,当故事给学生讲了,或翻译一遍了事,学生是否懂?不得而知,学生是否会做类似题目,不得而知。教会学生阅读是关键。
二、仔细分析题型
如何让学生读懂一篇短文,做题得心应手,让学生了解阅读文章题目的设置和文章的题材很有必要。
根据图表分析阅读理解考查要点:
由上表得知,中考阅读题型大致有四大类,一是辨认事实细节题、二是归纳主旨题、三是推理判断题、四是猜词题等。
三、抓住关键点,破解阅读题型
阅读之前,仔细分析题目,给题型分类,一是细节题、二是推理判断题,三是主旨大意或概括题,教会学生分类并判断这些题型,阅读时逐一攻破。
关键点一:破解四大题型的做法
(一)细节题:
把握文章事实、查找细节。这类题,仔细查找细节,一般可以在原文中找到直接答案。例如:Two children in ragged(破旧的) coats knocked on my door. “Any old papers , Lady? ”
Why did the two children knock on the door?
A. To collect old paper .
B. To get something to drink .
C. To ask the writer for help.
(二)推理判断题 此类题目分以下几种情况
1)根据常识判断:
Tea house have long been seen in China,and are common in the cities along the Yangtze River .Hangzhou and Chengdu are famous for tea house .It is usual to see people drinking tea, chatting or playing mah-jongg(麻将) along the street.
( ) What does the underline word “it” refer to?
A. Hangzhou and Chengdu are famous for tea house .
B. People can be seen drinking tea, chatting or playing mah-jongg(麻将) along the street.
C. Tea house have long been seen in China
D. People don’t need to pay much for drinking tea.
2)依据数字计算推理
Come to Computer World ! No matter how old you are ,you will be interested in it with our help .And you can get a 40% discount (折扣) if you come here before August 1.
Suppose the cost of the course at Computer World is 800 yuan .If you go there on July 30,you only need to pay_____.A.320yuan B.480yuan C.500yuan D.800yuan
(三)猜词题 根据上下文意思进行猜词。
In a factory building,as the workshop floor swings under the terrible shaking,workers run for safety .Some hide under the machines and survive, but others who try to run outside are killed by the falling ceilings. The underline word “survive ”means ________.
A. 遇难 B 幸存 C 恐惧 D. 摇晃 (四)主旨大意题。根据文章的段意,归纳出文章大意。根据文章每一段开头或者结尾句,归纳文章大意。常用提问方式:
a According to(根据) the passage, we know that____
b. The best title (标题) of the passage can be________.
c. The main idea of this passage is______.
d.From the story we can see/ learn / say_____
e.The writer tells us_________.
f. What is this passage about?
关键点二:找到“七选五”的突破点
在江西考卷中,已有多年的“七选五”的做法,这一内容成了学生的老大难问题。如何做好“七选五”,要做好以下几点:
a先浏览七个选项,再阅读短文.b.根据各小段的内容,大致选出选项。c.关键点:找出句意、 段意的对应词,或对应句子、或对应段意。d.根据所选内容,检查全文。
例Do you know how to write a good letter.You will be successful if you follow these five Cs.
Clear. Use short, direct sentences. 1. _____________ .Long and difficult sentences won’t help yourself clearly. Write the letter as if the reader were just there with you .Above all, don’t use an introduction.
Correct.2._________Don’t guess, even for spelling. Use your dictionary. If you need to , check a reference book too. Use them as much as you need to.
Complete. Don’t scatter(使散乱)our points. 3 __________ This is good organization too.
A. Think of the readers’ point of view as you write.
B. Make them easy to understand
C. Include long sentences in your letter
D. Make sure what you say is correct
E. Finish one point completely before going on to the next.
1.答案为C,对应词是Use short, direct sentences. 2.答案是D.对应词是Don’t guess, even for spelling.3.答案是G,对应词句是Don’t scatter(使散乱)our points.
关键点三:及时记录教学心得
1. 详讲与略讲是关键:讲评时,细节题可以不讲或略讲;学生模棱两可的详细讲评。
2. 做好七选五的关键:在中考试题中有一道七选五的题型,学生在做完了前面的题目之后已经很累了,要继续往下看文章会觉得很吃力,七选五同样必须看懂文章才能做得出。
经过教学得出:要做对这道题得读懂每段大意,把每段的中心句找出来,在七个选项中分别找出与每段中心意思相近的的句子,教会学生概括段落大意、或分层意思,根据段层意思,逐一找到匹配句子,就能达到八九不离十的目的。
3. 难句分析是读懂文章的关键。在阅读中,我们还经常遇上难句,学生遇上类似句子,就不知如何是好,每每这时,教会学生进行难句分析,让学生有迎刃而解的感觉,而且感觉越来越有劲。
例如:
a.One thing that they can say at the end of any task is that they have made a real difference to people’s lives.
b.Since 1971,MSF has sent trained doctors all over the world to help people who have suffered from disasters,such as wars and illness.
参考文献
[1] 温爱英《中小学外语教学》从试题的难度看课堂教学——以2011年江西省英语中考卷为例。
[2]学科网 《2010年九年级中考英语复习----阅读理解》
[3]《2012江西中考试题研究》