苏伊士运河是世界上最重要的一条国际航运通道,位于埃及西奈半岛西侧的苏伊士地峡上,介于亚、非两大陆之间,连接地中海与红海,沟通大西洋和印度洋,扼守欧、亚、非三大洲交通要冲,战略地位十分重要(图1,运河地区的卫星照片)。马克思曾高度评价苏伊士运河,称它为“东方伟大的航道”。早在公元前17世纪左右,埃及就开凿了从地中海经尼罗河下游通向红海的运河。由于泥沙淤塞,虽几经重开但最终 The Suez Canal is the most important international shipping channel in the world. It is located on the Suezis isthmus on the west side of the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt. It connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, connects the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean, and guards the Europe, Asia and Africa Traffic on the three continents, strategic position is very important (Figure 1, the Canal area satellite photos). Marx spoke highly of the Suez Canal, calling it “a great fairway in the East.” As early as the 17th century BC, Egypt dug up the canals leading from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea from the lower reaches of the Nile. Due to siltation, although after reopening but eventually