Objective: Although evidence has already demonstrated that the performance of Health Delivery System (HDS) varies widely across nations, relatively little is known about the factors that give rise to these variations and the key point to improve the performance besides adjusting system structure. By setup of HDS performance measurement system on the base of association of financial, social, and environmental characteristics, we construct system dynamic model of HDS to simulate the invention policies. Methods:Performance measures were collected from HDS in 31 regions of China and combined with secondary data sources. Multivariate, linear, nonlinear regression and factor analysis models were used to estimate associations between system characteristics and the performance. Results: Performance varied significantly with the size, financial resources and organizational structure of HDS. Performance measurement system of health delivery system was developed to give the rank of all Chinese regions. Conclusion: Performance measurement system of HDS is the basic of HDS modeling by system dynamic.