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目的探讨居家自我护理行为干预对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者疾病管理能力、疾病知识及生活质量的影响。方法将124例COPD患者随机分为观察组及对照组各62例,对照组应用常规性护理,观察组在对照组基础上应用居家自我护理干预模式,干预时间为6个月,分别于干预前、干预后应用自我护理能力测定量表(ESCA)、自拟的COPD疾病知识评定量表、圣-乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)对2组患者自护能力、疾病知识及生活质量进行评价。结果观察组患者干预后自我概念、自护责任感、健康知识水平、自护技能及总评分均明显高于对照组(P均<0.05)。观察组患者干预后饮食知识、呼吸功能锻炼知识、情绪控制知识、日常护理知识总评分均明显高于对照组(P均<0.05)。观察组干预后呼吸症状、活动受限、疾病影响及总评分显著低于对照组(P均<0.05)。结论居家自我护理行为干预能有效提高COPD患者疾病管理能力及疾病认知水平,有助于改善患者病情,提高患者生活质量。
Objective To explore the impact of home self-care behavior intervention on disease management, disease knowledge and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods A total of 124 patients with COPD were randomly divided into observation group and control group with 62 cases in each group. The control group received routine nursing. The observation group received home-based self-care intervention model on the basis of control group. The intervention time was 6 months, After the intervention, self-care ability assessment scale (ESCA), self-care COPD disease knowledge rating scale and SGRQ were used to evaluate the self-care ability, disease knowledge and quality of life in the two groups. Results After intervention, self-concept, self-care responsibility, health knowledge, self-care skills and total score in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group (all P <0.05). The intervention group’s diet knowledge, respiratory functional exercise knowledge, emotion control knowledge and daily nursing knowledge score were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P <0.05). Respiratory symptoms, limited activities, disease effects and total score in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (all P <0.05). Conclusion Home self-care behavior intervention can effectively improve the ability of disease management and disease cognition in patients with COPD, which can help to improve the patient’s condition and improve the quality of life of patients.