We propose a new kind of optical vortex called the Hermite–Gaussian-like optical vortex (HGOV) inspired by the cross phase (CP). Theoretically, we investigate how the CP is decoupled from the phase of a cylindrical lens. We also investigate the propagatio
A novel numerical method for fiber Raman amplifier (FRA) from standard propagation equations is presented and derived based on the one-step method for ordinary differential equation (ODE). The proposed algorithm is effective in solving FRA equations inclu
The transfer function of the microring resonator is deduced, and the effects of the normalized loss, coupling coefficient and surrounding media on the resonance performance are investigated thoroughly. Utilizing the improved fused tapering technique and i