本文选用1960～1987年间住海拔3 000～4 000m确诊为小儿高心病并心衰的35名尸解标本。经观察,心脏多呈椭园或球形,右心肥大扩张.室壁增厚,肉柱粗.镜检,右室乳头肌、室壁呈不同程度的肌溶性、凝固性、出血性或梗塞样坏死、瘢痕与钙沉积,及肌纤维肥大变性等。而左室无著变。根据病理检查结果.作者讨论了本病的发病机理.并提出诊断及鉴别诊断意见。 In this paper, we selected 35 autopsy specimens diagnosed as hyperglycemia and heart failure in children aged from 3 000 to 4 000 m from 1960 to 1987. After the observation, the heart mostly oval or spherical, right ventricular hypertrophy dilated. Wall thickening, thick meat column. Microscopic examination, right ventricular papillary muscle, wall showed varying degrees of muscle solubility, coagulation, hemorrhagic or infarct-like Necrosis, scarring and calcium deposition, and hypertrophic degeneration of myofibers. The left ventricle without change. According to the results of pathological examination, the author discussed the pathogenesis of this disease and proposed the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.