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本文首先从理论上阐释了对外开放促进中国服务业市场化改革的作用机理,然后利用服务业面板数据对此进行了实证检验。实证结果表明,从总体来看,服务贸易开放和外资进入对中国服务业市场化改革均产生了显著的促进作用,这说明对外开放已成为中国服务业市场化改革的重要外生动力;从分行业视角来看,服务贸易开放对中低技术行业市场化改革的促进作用强于中高技术行业,与此不同,外资进入促进了中高技术行业的市场化改革,却抑制了中低技术行业的市场化改革,这说明对外开放对中国服务业市场化改革的影响存在显著的行业异质性。此外,劳均增加值、人力资本存量、平均企业规模等也是中国服务业市场化改革的重要影响因素。
This paper first explains the mechanism of opening up the market-based reform of China’s service industry theoretically, and then uses the service panel data to test this. The empirical results show that on the whole, the opening up of service trade and the entry of foreign investment have significantly promoted the reform of China’s service market. This shows that opening to the outside world has become an important exogenous force for the marketization reform of China’s service industry. Different from the industry perspective, the liberalization of trade in services has played a stronger role in promoting the marketization of low-tech industries than in high-tech industries. In contrast, the entry of foreign capital has promoted the marketization of medium and high-tech industries, but has restrained the markets of low- and middle-tech industries This shows that there is a significant industry heterogeneity in the impact of the opening up to the marketization of China’s service industry. In addition, labor added value, stock of human capital, and average size of enterprises are all also important influencing factors in the marketization of service industry in China.