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吴晓明教授提出近代形而上学的基本建制是“意识内在性”,因而马克思和海德格尔分别以对象性的活动和此在走出了意识内在性,实现了现代哲学革命,这是因为对象性的活动和此在都具有“在外性”。但笔者认为,“在外性”并不是问题的根本,它很难破除内在自我意识的“总体性”。走出意识内在性的根本在于找到与自我意识相对立的异质性存在,只有走向异质性存在才能真正否定意识的内在性。“在外性”的实质即是异质性或否定性。黑格尔的否定只是在同质性范围内的否定,因而不是真正的否定。马克思哲学的主要贡献之一在于确立了物质生产劳动的否定性意义,这是他走出意识内在性的基础。
Professor Wu Xiaoming put forward that the basic system of modern metaphysics is “the internal consciousness,” so Marx and Heidegger realized the modern philosophical revolution with the object-based activities and the externalities of consciousness, respectively, because the object-oriented activities and This is in the “outside”. However, I believe that “extrinsicity” is not the root of the problem. It is hard to get rid of the “totality” of inner self-awareness. The essence of getting out of the intrinsic of consciousness lies in finding the existence of heterogeneity opposite to the self-awareness, and can only really negate the internal of consciousness only if it goes to the existence of heterogeneity. The essence of “externality” is heterogeneity or negativity. Hegel’s negation is only a negation within the scope of homogeneity, so it is not a true negation. One of the major contributions of Marxist philosophy lies in the establishment of the negative meaning of the material productive labor, which is the basis for him to get out of the internal of consciousness.