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由于WTO多哈回合谈判进展缓慢,美国加快了利用双边自由贸易协定推进全球知识产权保护水平进一步提高的进程。与TRIPS协定相比,美国在双边自由贸易协定中纳入的知识产权保护条款或增加了缔约方在保护知识产权方面的实体义务,或削减了缔约方原本在TRIPS协定下享有的政策空间,因此被称为TRIPS-plus条款及TRIPS-extra条款。对于与美国缔结自由贸易协定的发展中国家而言,承担这些更高水平的知识产权保护义务可能对其经济、社会发展产生负面影响。因此,发展中国家应当结合本国的实际需求制定知识产权法律和政策,同时积极开展南南合作,争取扭转在全球知识产权保护进程中的被动局面,利用知识产权制度推动自身发展。
Due to the slow progress of the WTO Doha round of negotiations, the United States has accelerated the process of using bilateral free trade agreements to promote the further improvement of global intellectual property protection. Compared with the TRIPS Agreement, the intellectual property rights protection clauses included in the bilateral free trade agreements of the United States increase the entity’s obligations in the protection of intellectual property rights, or reduce the space for the parties’ original policy under the TRIPS Agreement. It is called TRIPS-plus clause and TRIPS-extra clause. For developing countries that have concluded free trade agreements with the United States, assuming these higher levels of intellectual property protection obligations may have a negative impact on their economic and social development. Therefore, developing countries should formulate intellectual property laws and policies in line with their actual needs, and actively carry out South-South cooperation, strive to reverse the passive situation in the global IP protection process, and use the intellectual property system to promote their own development.