Mollusks are an important, wholesome and nutritious food for diet people. Therefore, there is a growing demand for mollusk products in the global market. Furthermore, mollusks serve as a universal indicator for the environmental health. 　　Considering Indonesia is abundant in various mollusk species, which can be of commercial importance and has significant roles in the marine ecosystem, Indonesia should be able to further develop mollusk products which are in high demand worldwide. This study attempts to examine the economic aspects of mollusk fishery from Indonesian waters. The general objective of this study are (1) to examine the current condition of mollusk fishery belonging to Indonesian waters; (2) to explore the prospects of the Indonesian mollusk fishery for national economy;and (3) to investigates the comparative advantage of Indonesia’s mollusk exports in the world fishery markets. An extensive literature review and personal interviews with two experts in Indonesia was used to collect the data of this study. Descriptive analysis is identified as a tool to achieve the first and the second’s objective of this study. While the Balassa index is selected to gain the third objective of this study. 　　The results showed Indonesian production of mollusks tend to increase in most years but fluctuated in some individual years during the last 60 years or so. Additionally, there has been a decrease-moving in the production growth rates of mollusks in every 20-year period from 1950 to 2011, with the average growth rate in the period from 1950 to 1969 is 47.78％, then after that period mollusk production is decreasing, 22.02%(1970-1989) and 11.35% (1990-2011). It was also found that Indonesia trade in mollusk products grew significantly;rising from US$803 thousand in 1976 to US$8,249 thousand in 2009, with the highest mollusk value at US$ 18,673 thousand in 2006, with the major mollusk product is miscellaneous molluscs in terms of both quantity and value during 1976-2009. The results of the RCA also showed that Indonesia has no comparative advantage in theexporting of mollusks, though the quantity exported has risen significantly (520 tons in 1975 compared to 1,035 tons in 2009). The reasons that might have caused no comparative advantage in Indonesia mollusk exports are briefly discussed. There are two kinds of constraints faced by Indonesian mollusk fishery that relate to export activity:Internal and external constraints. Internal constraints occur due to the lack of facility and technology to develop mollusk products. While the external constraints relate to tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers such as the issue of standard mollusk products required by the global market and“non-trade concers”which are environmental issues, human rights, animal welfare, etc. Hence, the paper has suggested the government and other stakeholders had better to give more serious attention to the developing mollusks and manage mollusks into tangible economic assets. It is because mollusks can be an important component of future national income.