乳酸菌组合发酵产奶味香精及a-乙酰乳酸合成酶基因的克隆和表达

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随着人们生活水平的提高,乳及各种乳制品已经逐渐成为人们日常膳食的重要组成部分。而乳制品因其具有较高的营养价值,以及令人喜爱的口感和香气,使得奶味香精是香精香料领域中投资最大、开发研究最为活跃的香精之一。由生物法制备的天然奶味香精突破了传统思维方式,其香气更加自然、逼真、柔和,对加香产品内在质量有明显的改善和提高,是单体香料调配而成的同类奶味香精所达不到的。因此,微生物发酵制备天然奶味香精,符合当前的消费趋势,具有广阔的市场前景。  本文研究了用于奶味香精萃取、浓缩等前处理的固相微萃取工艺,通过主要成分2,3-丁二酮及3-羟基丁酮的测定及GC-MS关于挥发性香味成分的分析筛选出最佳固相微萃取头为75μmCAR/PDMS;同时对固相微萃取的条件进行优化,得出最适萃取温度为75℃、最适平衡时间为15min,最适萃取时间为30min。  对七株乳酸菌进行组合发酵,得到两组产不同香型组合,分别为组合菌Lb+208+334和组合菌St2+334。正交试验结果得出组合菌Lb+208+334产2,3-丁二酮的最优发酵条件:碳源为葡萄糖、柠檬酸铵浓度为0.5%、CuSO40.5ml,饱和NaCl10ml;产3-羟基丁酮的最优发酵条件:碳源为蔗糖、柠檬酸铵浓度为0.8%、饱和NaCl10ml;产丁位癸内酯的最优发酵条件:碳源为葡萄糖、柠檬酸铵浓度为0.5%、CuSO41ml,饱和NaCl5ml。  组合菌St2+334产2,3-丁二酮的最优发酵条件:碳源为乳糖、柠檬酸铵浓度为0.2%、CuSO41ml,饱和NaCl5ml;产3-羟基丁酮的最优发酵条件:碳源为乳糖、柠檬酸铵浓度为0.8%、饱和NaCl1ml;产丁位癸内酯的最优发酵条件:碳源为乳糖、柠檬酸铵浓度为0.2%、CuSO41ml,饱和NaCl10ml。  本文对所筛菌CR5-3进行16srRNA鉴定知该菌为嗜热链球菌,以其为原始菌,克隆并表达了乳酸菌发酵代谢途径中第一步反应的关键酶基因-α-乙酰乳酸合成酶基因(aldS)。通过对重组菌株的产香发酵研究,结果发现与原始菌株相比,重组菌单位产2,3-丁二酮的量是原始菌株的10倍左右。
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