施用石灰和磷矿粉对桃园土壤养分和树体营养的影响

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以桃[Prunus persica(L.)Batsch]为试材,根据鄂南红壤特性,采取了施用石灰和磷矿粉两种方法对土壤进行改良,分析了土壤和树体矿质养分含量变化规律,及其对果实品质和根系贮藏营养水平的影响。主要研究结果如下:1.施用石灰能调节土壤酸碱度,增加土壤有效磷、钙、镁含量,降低土壤有效铁、锰、铜、锌含量。2.施用石灰后提高了桃树叶片氮、钾、钙、镁、锰含量,降低了叶片铜、锌含量,而对叶片磷、铁含量无明显影响。3.施用石灰能改善桃果实品质,具体表现为增加了果实单果重,提高果实可溶性固形物和维生素C含量,对可滴定酸含量影响不明显。4.施用石灰可提高桃树根系可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量和淀粉含量。施用石灰后深翻对土壤和树体养分,果实品质和根系贮藏营养的影响效果优于直接撒施石灰的影响效果。5.施用磷矿粉能提高土壤pH值和土壤速效磷、钾、钙、锰含量,降低土壤有效镁、铁含量。6.施用磷矿粉有利于提高桃树叶片氮、磷、钾含量,在一定范围内磷矿粉施用量越大,叶片氮、磷、钾含量越高。但施用磷矿粉降低了叶片钙、镁、锰、铜含量,对叶片铁含量无显著影响。7.施用磷矿粉对增加果实单果重有一定的影响,即在一定范围内磷矿粉施用量越多果实越大,但对果实色泽、果实可溶性固形物和维生素C含量等无明显影响。8.施用磷矿粉降低了桃树根系中可溶性糖含量和淀粉含量,提高了可溶性蛋白含量。亩施150kg磷矿粉对土壤和树体养分,果实品质和根系贮藏营养的影响效果优于亩施100kg磷矿粉的影响效果。
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