甜瓜果实蔗糖代谢相关酶基因的克隆、表达分析及Anti-CmSPS1对甜瓜的遗传转化

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甜瓜(Cucumis melon L.)是世界性的重要园艺作物,糖分组成及含量是衡量甜瓜品质的主要依据之一。蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖是甜瓜果实中主要的可溶性糖,其含量和组成对果实品质起重要作用,它们的含量和组成严格受蔗糖代谢酶调控,而蔗糖代谢酶包括蔗糖合成酶(SS)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)和转化酶(AI),其中SPS活性的提高和AI活性的降低是蔗糖积累的首要条件,改变SPS的活性可能会改变蔗糖的代谢模式。因此,利用现代分子生物学的方法改变蔗糖代谢酶的活性对甜瓜品质育种具有重要的意义。本研究首先通过RT-PCR及3′、5′RACE技术克隆到甜瓜果实蔗糖磷酸合成酶基因和酸性转化酶基因全长cDNA,研究了这两个基因的组织器官表达特异性和果实发育过程中的表达特异性,然后构建了甜瓜果实SPS基因的反义表达载体。以甜瓜自交系M01-3为材料,通过子房注射法将甜瓜果实反义蔗糖磷酸合成酶基因进行了甜瓜的遗传转化,得到了转基因植株。研究的主要结果如下:1.通过RT-PCR及3′、5′RACE技术克隆到甜瓜果实SPS基因和AI基因全长cDNA。测序结果表明SPS基因全长为3373 bp,编码1054个氨基酸,在GenBank中登记号为DQ521271,命名为CmSPS1;AI基因全长为2178 bp,编码636个氨基酸,在GenBank中登记号为EU260044,命名为CmS-AIV1。2.通过Northern Blot分析得知,在甜瓜的不同组织中,CmSPS1基因在叶片、茎、果实中均有表达,而在根和花中未检测到该基因的表达,而CmS-AIV1基因在花和果实中表达,在根、茎、叶中不表达。在甜瓜果实生长发育过程中,在20 DAP之前没有检测的CmSPS1基因的表达,在20 DAP之后,该基因开始表达,到果实成熟时表达量最高;而CmS-AIV1基因的表达情况与之相反,随着果实的成熟表达量逐渐降低。3.将克隆在pMD18-T载体上的甜瓜CmSPS1基因用HincⅡ和KpnⅠ进行酶切,酶切产物经1.0%琼脂糖凝胶电泳后回收830 bp的片段,将该片段与经KpnⅠ和SmaⅠ酶切的植物表达载体pROK2进行连接,这样获得的重组质粒CmSPS1片段反向插入35S启动子之后,TNOS终止子之前。经酶切和PCR检测表明,我们成功构建了甜瓜反义CmSPS1基因的植物表达载体。4.本研究利用子房注射法将anti-CmSPS1基因对甜瓜进行了遗传转化,应用PCR和PCR Southern Blot技术对后代进行了分子鉴定,在获得的800株成苗中,共鉴定出2株转基因植株,转化效率为0.25%。
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