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The present paper explores the effect of language proficiency and gender on Chinese EFL learnersperception and use of communication strategies[CS<,s>] by conducting questionnaires and processing the CET Spoken English Test corpus.After a brief theoretical introduction of communicative competence,two approaches-the linguisitic and psychological ones-in classifying communication strategies are discussed.A newly-devised definition of CS<,s> for the present study then follows.Drawing upon CS<,s> literature and recently collected data,CS<,s> terms are developed to be applied to the analysis of CS<,s>.The results of this study indicate that gender that gender has little impact,but language proficiency has a significant impact on both the perception and the use of certain CS<,s>:1)In perception,a negative relationship exists between learnerslanguage proficiency and their support of L1-based and reduction-based CS<,s>.2)In use,reduction and time-gaining CS<,s> employed by low-proficiency learners noticeably exceed those employed by higher-proficiency learners.3)Low-proficiency learners used much greater message abandonment,self-repetition and fillers than higher-proficiency learners.4)Significantly negative correlations exist between language proficiency determined by the rating criteria and the use of three types of CS<,s>,namely,L1-based CS<,s>,time-gaining CS<,s> and reduction CS<,s>.The findings of the present study have implications for material and syllabus design and CS<,s> teaching.