To monitor and assess the quality of education,a comparison of students academic ability across different years or regions is usually needed.This is an example of a test equating process.
Developing sophisticated diagnostic measures of organizational performance can be useful for improving organizational effectiveness.
A multilevel random effect IRT model is regarded as a powerful analytic tool because such a model can estimate the randomness of item parameters which are assumed to be fixed for the traditional multi
This study is aimed to investigate the measurement error and reliability of test scores composed of testlet with balanced and unbalanced data structures.
Stratified two-stage sampling is frequently used in the field of educational research,especially when a list of elements does not exist but a list of clusters can be created.
The Polychoric Instrumental Variable(PIV) approach is a recently proposed method to fit a confirmatory factor analysis model with ordinal data.In this paper,we first investigate the effects of using d
Meta-analysis,where statistics from published work is analyzed,is a common way of summarizing research of a specific research question.
With the growing scientific evidence that climate change associated with carbon emissions is a serious global risk,there is a clear imperative for a worldwide response to tackle the problem.According
成人依恋系统包括两个部分，一是对童年亲子依恋的回忆，二是与伴侣的婚恋依恋。成人依恋的的研究对象均为成人，以往研究多为分别探讨过去和当前的依恋情感联结对于成人的影响和作用。婚恋依恋是建立亲密关系的基础，是亲子依恋的发展和延续。
焦虑是人类的基本情绪之一,适度焦虑对人类生存有重要意义.但过度、不当的焦虑则会严重干扰个体的正常生活.焦虑障碍是最常见、最普遍的精神障碍.约20-30 ％的正常人一生中至少在某段时间受过焦虑障碍的困扰,而在特定群体中这个比例甚至更高.当前,我国正处于跨越式发展的社会转型期,各种应激和应激源与日剧增.依靠各种神经影像技术得以深入揭示不同焦虑水平的大脑结构回路特点.目前认为前额叶-杏仁核通路、脑岛等区