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In its early stages, the earthquake-resistant design code provision in japan required that structures resist seismic force produced by response acceleration.In accordance with the increase in heights of structures to be constructed, the design concept subsequently evolved to take response displacement as well as response acceleration into account to utilize the ductility of structures in reducing the required strength on the basis of the energy balance concept.An issue attracting particular attention is that excessive displacements in long-period structures such as high-rise and seismically isolated buildings, the number of which is increasing nowadays, might occur owing to long-period components of massive earthquakes.Although the excessive displacement does not necessarily cause structural damage, the excessive displacement itself is harmful.It is considered to be effective to incorporate some damping devices that control vibrations in direct response to the response displacement.The authors define this concept as "displacement control design" and have developed some control strategies and devices implementing it.this paper outlines the basic concept of displacement control design and the mechanisms and application of newly developed dampers.