Developing systems using emerging technology such as augmented reality is difficult because there are limited guidelines to inform developers during the design process.In particular,there are no established guidelines for learning support systems based on handheld augmented reality.To gather such design guidelines,we first summarize existing guidelines for handheld augmented reality in other fields of application.We then provide our synthesis of these guidelines into five design guidelines.We share our own experience of how we observed these guidelines in developing FlipPin-a handheld augmented reality system for learning new vocabulary.We then propose an additional guideline based on our experience.