高速主轴动平衡原理与高精度实现方法

来源 :国家自然科学基金委员会高性能机床主轴中的关键科学问题”十二五“规划研讨会 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:cx313
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高速主轴的高精度、高可靠与长寿命的要求是其永恒的主题.为解决实现这一目的中的难题,对工作中的高速主轴进行动力学分析、监测与振动控制,进而揭示加工状态下的高速主轴热、力学机理,对于开展高速主轴和轴承的设计制造、安装加工与使用具有重要的科学意义和现实价值. 高速主轴在实际工作中,最终实现加工精度的是刀具与工件的相对位移关系,这一相对位置的变化受到切削力、轴承支承力、高速离心力等力的作用,而主轴作为一个系统,包含了主轴、刀具、轴承、拉杆等组件系统,高速状态热力耦合显著,对刀具与工件的相对位移关系的影响因素众多,实现对主轴系统的高精度、高可靠与长寿命目标需要对这些影响因素进行深入的研究,发现其影响规律,从而实现一定的预测并开展有效的措施加以控制,为此,本课题建议深入开展超高速主轴的动力学理论建模、实验研究,探索切削状态下的超高速主轴系统转子动力学行为,揭示回转刀具-刀柄-主轴结合面接触质量与系统安全性的影响规律,发展柔性转子的全息谱动平衡原理,研究基于微纳传感器埋入技术的超高速主轴系统热力物理参数的获取方法,提出实时辨识柔性超高速主轴不平衡及主轴系统故障预警的方法,实现高速主轴的在线高精度动态自动平衡,最终达到主轴的高速、稳定性长寿命的运行控制目标。
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高速切削技术是未来机械加工的重要发展方向,是目前国际研究的热点问题.高速切削能够达到普通切削难以企及的加工效果,具有切削速度快、加工精度高、表面粗糙度低和发热量小等特点,适用于各种难加工材料.高速精密主轴是实现高速切削的主要部件,其关键技术之一是高速精密主轴支撑轴承.高速轴承-转子支撑系统性能的好坏直接影响着机械加工质量.与一般轴承转子系统不同的是机床轴承-转子系统其工作转速跨度大,除工作区间要在