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本文通过问卷调查和个别访谈,考察了浙江金华农村中小学生的语言使用现状。本文发现:(1)有近一半的学生以普通话为第一语言;(2)有近一半的学生普通话水平高于其方言的水平,另有相当多的学生甚至不会说当地方言;(3)在家庭内部,方言比普通话用得更多,但在部分家庭也出现了转用普通话的现象;(4)在学校和其他多数公共场合,普通话已经占据主导地位;(5)普通话不仅比方言更具有社会声望和实用价值,而且在情感上也已经得到当地学生的普遍认同。总的来看,普通话在浙江农村的影响日益扩大,而当地方言的使用范围和影响力不断缩小。虽然高年级学生的方言水平有所回升,呈现出一定的“年龄极差”现象,但这并不能改变方言式微的总体趋势。
This paper investigates the current situation of language usage of primary and secondary school students in rural Jinhua, Zhejiang by questionnaires and individual interviews. This paper finds that: (1) nearly half of students use Putonghua as the first language; (2) nearly half of them have higher mandarin levels than their dialects; and quite a few students do not even speak local dialects; (3) ) Within the family, dialects are used more than Putonghua but have also been switched to Putonghua in some families; (4) Putonghua has dominated in schools and in most other public places; (5) Mandarin is not only more dialectical than dialects More social prestige and practical value, but also in emotion has also been generally recognized by local students. In general, the influence of Putonghua in rural Zhejiang has been expanding, while the scope and influence of local dialects have been steadily shrinking. Although the senior students’ dialects have picked up, showing a “very poor” phenomenon, but this does not change the dialectic trend.