Osteoporosis,a systemic bone disorder,is prevalent in postmenopausal woman.Bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs),precursors of osteogenic cells,may contribute to prevention or treatment of bone frustrate in osteoporosis.Recently,two studies suggested a role of calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)in promoting osteogenesis of BMSCs under physiological conditions.However,the role of CGRP on BMSCs,which are derived from osteoporotic tissues,is unclear.Here,we investigated the role of CGRP on BMSCs isolated from female osteoporotic rats.Data showed that CGRP stimulated cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis for short-term culture of BMSCs.Instead,CGRP induced BMSCs differentiation into the osteoblasts and promoted formation of calcified nodules after long-term culture.Moreover,CGRP gradually up-regulated expression levels of osteoporotic differentiation-related genes including alkaline phosphatase,Collagen type I,Bmp2,Osteonectin,and Runx2 during osteogenic differentiation.In conclusion,CGRP promoted proliferation and induced osteogenic differentiation and mineralization during female osteoporotic rat-derived BMSC differentiation.These findings support a potential role of CGRP on the prevention or treatment of osteoporotic fracture.