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《启蒙辩证法》的核心关注是资本主义条件下的社会统治的独特性质。但是,霍克海默和阿多诺在《启蒙辩证法》中为什么会从自我保存的理性出发来批判资本主义条件下的社会统治?本文指出,他们之所以会采取这一独特路径,不是因为其在理论上依然不自觉地受制于马克思主义历史哲学的理论框架,而是因为他们已深刻地洞见到了社会权力与启蒙理性之间的纠缠关系。在启蒙的历史进程中,由于社会权力对于启蒙理性的制约,启蒙理性背离了“有规定的否定”的道路,变成了以总体性自居的自我保存的理性。在资本主义的条件下,自我保存的理性的真实意义就是社会统治。
The core concern of Enlightenment Dialectics is the unique nature of social domination under capitalism. However, in the Enlightenment Dialectics, Horkheimer and Adorno criticize the social domination under capitalist conditions from the rationality of self-preservation. This article points out that the reason why they take this unique path is not because of In theory, they still unconsciously suffer from the theoretical framework of Marxist historical philosophy, but because they have profoundly insight into the entangled relationship between social power and enlightenment rationality. In the historical process of enlightenment, due to the constraints of social power on enlightenment rationality, enlightenment rationality has deviated from the path of “prescribed negation” and has become the rationality of self-preservation in a holistic manner. Under the condition of capitalism, the true meaning of the rationality of self-preservation is social rule.