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Objectives: To investigate the protective effect and mechanisms of emodin on intestinal mucosal injury of rats with severe acute pancreatitis.Methods: Eighty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) group, Sham Operation (SO) group, Emodin-treated (EM) group and Caspase-1 inhibitor-treated (ICE-Ⅰ) group.SAP was experimentally induced in rats by injection of 3.5% sodium taurocholate in the retrograde pancreatic duct.At the time of sacrifice, blood was obtained to determine the level of plasma endotoxin, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18.In addition, pathological and ultrastructure alterations of pancreas tissues and intestinal mucosa were observed by light and electron microscopy.Expression of intestinal caspase-1 was examined by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunohistology, while apoptosis was detected using Terminal-deoxynucleoitidylTransferase Mediated Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) staining.