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Purpose: To determine whether functional connectivity of Executive Control Network (ECN) separated by Independent Component Analysis can be used to detect and monitor the executive dysfunction in End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients. Materials and methods: Forty-three patients (51.6 ± 8.5 years old) with ESRD, including 21 (53.0 ± 9.1 years old) with executive function decrease (EFD) and 22 (50.3 ± 8.0 years old) with non-EFD, as well as 25 age-, sex- and education- matched healthy controls (HCs) (53.0 ± 10.5 years old) were recruited. All the subjects who were without a history of neurologic or psychiatric disease underwent a resting-state functional MR imaging at 3T and a set of neuropsychological tests. Among the ESRD patients, 20 patients (48.8 ± 8.3 years old) with ESRD experienced a same process after about one year follow-up. Group Independent Component Analysis was used to separate the ECN. To compare the functional connectivity in the ECN, the intensity values in the spatial map were converted to z scores. Maps of the ECN were compared between each group using ANOVA and t test, and person correlation analysis was implemented to correlate the abnormal functional connectivity in the ECN and neuropsychological tests scores. Results: Functional connectivity in ECN of the ESRD patients were significantly reduced in mid-cingulate cortex (MCC), bilateral inferior parietal cortex (IPC) and superior temporal gyrus (p < 0.05 AlphaSim corrected) compared to HCs. The functional connectivity were decreased in MCC and right IPC further in EFD patients. Besides, functional connectivity of the mid-cingulate was positively correlated with DST (r = 0.449, p = 0.003) and DSST (r = 0.417, p = 0.007) scores, but negatively correlate with TMT-B (r = -0.510, p = 0.001) scores, and the left IPC were negatively correlate with TMT-A scores (r = -0.428, p = 0.005), indicating that the impairment of the ECN in patients was associated with reduced performance of these patients on neuropsychological tests. ECN of the 20 follow-up ESRD patients did not show significant changes and corresponded with the results of neuropsychological tests. Conclusion: Functional connectivity in the ECN is aberrant in patients with ESRD and correlated to the neuropsychological tests results which maybe as a clinical biomarker to evaluate and monitor the executive functional state in the future.