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Five new ceramides, neritinaceramides A (1), B (2), C (3), D (4) and E (5), together with six known ceramides (6-11), two known alkyl glycerylethers (12 and 13) and a known nucleoside (14), were isolated from marine bryozoan Bugula neritina, which inhabits the South China Sea.The structures of the newcompoundswereelucidatedas(2S ,3R,3'S,4E,8E, 10E)-2-(hexadecanoylamino)-4,8,10-octadecatriene-1,3,3 '-triol(1),(2S,3R,2'R,4E,8E, 10E)-2-(hexadecanoylamino)-4,8,10-octadecatriene-1,3,2 '-triol(2),(2S,3R,2 'R,4E,8E, 10E)-2-(octadecanoylamino)-4,8,10-octadecatriene-1,3,2 '-triol(3),(2S,3R,3 'S,4E,8E)-2-(hexadecanoyl amino)-4,8-octadecadiene-1,3,3 '-triol(4)and(2S,3R,3'S,4E)-2-(hexadecanoylamino)-4-octadecene-1,3,3 '-triol(5) on the basis of extensive spectral analysis and chemical evidences.The characteristic C-3'S hydroxyl group in the fatty acid moiety in compounds 1, 4 and 5, was a novel structural feature of ceramides.The rare 4E,8E, 10E-triene structure in the sphingoid base of compounds 1-3, was found from marine bryozoans for the first time.The new ceramides 1-5 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against HepG2, NCI-H460and SGC7901 tumor cell lines, and all of them exhibited selective cytotoxicity against HepG2 and SGC7901 cells with a range of IC50 values from 47.3 μM to 58.1 μM.These chemical and cytotoxic studies on the new neritinaceramides A-E (1-5) added to the chemical diversity of B.neritina and expanded our knowledge of the chemical modifications and biological activity ofceramides.