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选择GDP、人均GDP和GDP密度3项指标,以及1990年、1995年、2000年和2005年4个时点,运用GIS技术分析表明,在研究时段内,黄河流域上、中、下游的经济空间分异明显,从下游向上游存在由高到低的梯度差异,经济重心稳定地偏东,经济活动沿河道集聚。黄河流域的下游形成了圈层开发模式,在内蒙古河套地区等则形成了多中心空间开发模式,中游主要是点轴开发模式,上游主要是增长极开发模式。DEA分析显示,在这4种开发模式中,经济运行效率从高到低依次是圈层开发模式、多中心开发模式、增长极开发模式、点轴开发模式,而辐射带动作用由大到小则依次为多中心开发模式、圈层开发模式、点轴开发模式、增长极开发模式。综合考虑自然环境、开发基础和条件,为了优化黄河流域的空间开发,上游的河源段及峡谷段宜选用增长极开发模式,上游冲积平原段应继续坚持多中心空间开发模式,中游适宜主要采用点轴开发模式,下游则宜继续推行圈层开发模式。
Three indicators of GDP, GDP per capita and GDP density, as well as the four time points of 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005 were analyzed. GIS technology analysis showed that during the study period, economic space in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River valley The differences are obvious. There is a gradient from high to low from the lower reaches to the upper reaches. The center of gravity of the economy is steadily eastward, and economic activities gather along the rivers. The development of the ring layer is formed in the lower reaches of the Yellow River basin. In the Inner Mongolia Loop area, a multi-center space development model is formed. The mid-stream is mainly a point-axis development model and the upper reaches is mainly a growth pole development model. DEA analysis shows that among the four development modes, the economic efficiency runs from high to low in turn as a multi-center development model, a multi-center development model, a growth-pole development model and a point-axis development model, Followed by multi-center development model, the development of the circle mode, point axis development model, the growth of the pole development model. Considering the natural environment, the basis and conditions of development, in order to optimize the spatial development of the Yellow River Basin, the development model of growth pole should be selected in the upper reaches of the Heyuan and Gorge sections. The upper alluvial plain should continue to develop in a multi-center space mode, Axis development model, the downstream should continue to promote the development of the circle mode.