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美国城市社区组织的历史不过百余年,但如今它已不再是一种昙花一现的现象,而是从20世纪60年代起便成为取代阶级和劳工组织的最主要的城市民主参与手段,也成为人们走上仕途的一条捷径,这些影响源于索尔·阿林斯基对社区组织模式的奠基,他通过强调居民参与和行动策略的组织理念,开创了一种弥合城市社会断裂的非政府主导的方式。阿林斯基的理念至今影响着美国社区组织的发展,催生了如今以信仰为基础的社区网络。阿林斯基的贡献也作为美国民主党政党理念的源泉之一,影响着后世无数社会工作者和政治家。总体而言,阿林斯基式社区组织理论立足于邻里分析,强调民主实践且带有浓厚的激进色彩,本文将从这三个方面试论这一社区组织模式在美国城市进程中的体现。
The urban community organization in the United States has a history of more than a hundred years. But now it is no longer a temporary phenomenon. It has been the dominant means of urban democracy in place of the class and the labor organization since the 1960s. A short cut for people to embark on their career stems from the laying of the foundation for the community-based organization by Saul Alinsky. He created a non-government-led initiative to bridge the urban social breakdown by emphasizing the organizational philosophy of resident participation and tactics The way. Alinsky’s philosophy has so far affected the development of American community organizations and has spawned today’s belief-based community network. Alinski’s contribution also serves as one of the sources of the ideas of the U.S. Democratic parties and affects countless social workers and politicians in later generations. Overall, the Alinsky-based theory of community organization based on neighborhood analysis, emphasizing democratic practice with a strong radical color, this article will try from three aspects of this community organization model in the process of urbanization in the United States.