Cardiovascular disease is associated with chronic low-level inflammation,as evidenced by elevated circulating proinflammatory cytokines.Experimental evidence suggests that inflammation can be suppressed under conditions of high shear stress.This study was conducted to examine the effects of enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP),a noninvasive therapy that increases endothelial shear stress,on circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers and adhesion molecules in patients with angina pectoris.