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Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) represents a heterogeneous group of lymphocytic disorders ranging in aggressiveness from very indolent cellular proliferation to highly aggressive and rapidly proliferative processes.Although it is the fifth leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality in the U.S., the etiology of NHL remains poorly understood with the only established risk factors being immune dysregulation resulting from various medical conditions (i.e.,auto-immune diseases), medication use (i.e., immunosuppressive medical treatment), and infections (i.e., HIV/AIDs,Epstein-Barr virus, human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus 1, human herpesvirus 8, and Helicobacterpylori).However the established risk factors explain only a small portion of NHL cases.Environmental and lifestyle factors, including hair dye use, occupational exposure to organochlorine compounds and pesticides, sun exposure, smoking, alcohol consumption, and dietary intake have all been suggested to be associated with the risk of NHL from various epidemiologic studies, although the results have been inconclusive.The emerging evidence also suggests that genetic variation may play an important role in NHL pathogenesis.The presentation will discuss the current evidence regarding environmental and occupational exposures, lifestyle factors, and genetic susceptibility in relation to NHL, the on-going efforts within the InterLymph, and the major challenges facing in the epidemiology study of NHL.