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The neuroanatomy and neurophysiology studies have reported that the habenular nucleus (Hb) has extensive interconnections with many brain areas related to the sleep-wake cycle,especially the hypothalamus,and thus it may play an important regulatory role in the sleep-wake process.In order to understand how the Hb modulates the process,we first examined the expression profile of 123 genes in the hypothalamus after Hb lesion by using Neurotrophin and Receptors Oligo GEArray and followed by confirmation of the expression of the genes well-documented to be associated with sleep-wake cycle in the hypothalamus of Hb-lesioned rats by using RT-PCR.The Electroencephalographic (EEG) response to Hb-lesioned rats was also examined in order to further verify the effect of Hb lesion on the sleep-wake cycle.