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Background: The effectiveness of restoring sinus rhythm by catheter ablation compared with medical rate control for persistent atrial fibrillation patients with heart failure still remains to be defined.Methods: We systematically searched Embase, Pubmed, Cochrane Library,ClinicalTrials.gov for articles comparing outcomes of interest between catheter ablation and medical rate control therapy in persistent atrial fibrillation(AF) patients with heart failure (HF) and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD).